Types of tea sealing machine
Tea sealing machines are used to seal tea bags or pouches to preserve the freshness and aroma of the tea. There are different types of tea sealing machines available in the market, each with its unique features and advantages. Here are some of the most common types of tea sealing machines:
1. Manual Tea Sealing Machine: This type of machine is operated manually and is suitable for small-scale tea packaging. It is easy to use and requires minimal maintenance. The machine uses heat to seal the tea bags or pouches.
2. Semi-Automatic Tea Sealing Machine: This type of machine is suitable for medium-scale tea packaging. It is partially automated and requires some manual intervention. The machine uses heat to seal the tea bags or pouches.
3. Automatic Tea Sealing Machine: This type of machine is fully automated and is suitable for large-scale tea packaging. It requires minimal manual intervention and can seal a large number of tea bags or pouches in a short time. The machine uses heat to seal the tea bags or pouches.
4. Ultrasonic Tea Sealing Machine: This type of machine uses ultrasonic waves to seal the tea bags or pouches. It is suitable for packaging delicate teas that require a gentle sealing process. The machine is fully automated and can seal a large number of tea bags or pouches in a short time.
5. Nitrogen Flushing Tea Sealing Machine: This type of machine is suitable for packaging tea that requires a nitrogen-flushed environment to preserve its freshness. The machine flushes nitrogen into the tea bags or pouches before sealing them. It is fully automated and can seal a large number of tea bags or pouches in a short time.
In conclusion, tea sealing machines are essential for preserving the freshness and aroma of tea. The type of machine you choose will depend on the scale of your tea packaging operation and the type of tea you are packaging.
Pros and Cons of Using tea sealing machine
Tea sealing machines are used to seal tea bags, pouches, and containers. They are widely used in the tea industry to ensure the freshness and quality of tea products. However, like any other machine, tea sealing machines have their pros and cons.
Pros:
1. Time-saving: Tea sealing machines can seal tea bags, pouches, and containers quickly and efficiently. This saves time and increases productivity.
2. Consistency: Tea sealing machines can seal tea bags, pouches, and containers consistently, ensuring that the quality of the tea product is maintained.
3. Hygiene: Tea sealing machines are designed to maintain hygiene standards. They are easy to clean and sanitize, ensuring that the tea product is not contaminated.
4. Cost-effective: Tea sealing machines are cost-effective in the long run. They reduce the need for manual labor, which can be expensive.
5. Customization: Tea sealing machines can be customized to meet the specific needs of the tea industry. This allows tea manufacturers to create unique tea products that stand out in the market.
Cons:
1. Initial cost: Tea sealing machines can be expensive to purchase initially. This can be a barrier for small tea manufacturers who may not have the capital to invest in such equipment.
2. Maintenance: Tea sealing machines require regular maintenance to ensure that they function properly. This can be time-consuming and expensive.
3. Limited flexibility: Tea sealing machines are designed to seal specific types of tea bags, pouches, and containers. This limits the flexibility of tea manufacturers who may want to experiment with different packaging options.
4. Technical expertise: Tea sealing machines require technical expertise to operate and maintain. This can be a challenge for tea manufacturers who may not have the necessary skills or resources.
5. Dependence: Tea manufacturers who rely heavily on tea sealing machines may become dependent on them. This can be a problem if the machine breaks down or needs repairs, which can disrupt production.
In conclusion, tea sealing machines have their pros and cons. While they offer many benefits, they also come with some challenges. Tea manufacturers should carefully consider their needs and resources before investing in such equipment.
tea sealing machine Reference Specifications (varies for different product)
A tea sealing machine is a device used to seal tea bags or pouches to preserve the freshness and aroma of the tea. The specifications of a tea sealing machine may vary depending on the type of tea product being sealed. Here are some reference specifications for a tea sealing machine:
1. Capacity: The capacity of a tea sealing machine can range from 300 to 600 bags per hour, depending on the model.
2. Sealing method: The sealing method used in a tea sealing machine can be either heat sealing or ultrasonic sealing. Heat sealing uses heat to melt the plastic film and seal the tea bag, while ultrasonic sealing uses high-frequency vibrations to seal the tea bag.
3. Bag size: The size of the tea bag can vary from 50mm x 60mm to 80mm x 100mm, depending on the product.
4. Material: The tea sealing machine can seal tea bags made of different materials such as nylon, non-woven fabric, and filter paper.
5. Power supply: The power supply required for a tea sealing machine can range from 220V to 380V, depending on the model.
6. Control system: The tea sealing machine can have a manual or automatic control system. The automatic control system can include features such as temperature control, bag counting, and alarm systems.
7. Dimensions: The dimensions of a tea sealing machine can vary from 500mm x 400mm x 600mm to 800mm x 600mm x 1200mm, depending on the model.
In conclusion, a tea sealing machine is an essential device for tea manufacturers to preserve the quality of their products. The specifications of a tea sealing machine can vary depending on the type of tea product being sealed, and it is important to choose the right machine that meets the specific requirements of the product.
Applications of tea sealing machine and Type of Companies use tea sealing machine
Tea sealing machines are used to seal tea bags or pouches to maintain the freshness and aroma of the tea. These machines are widely used in the tea industry to package tea for retail sale. The tea sealing machine is an essential tool for tea manufacturers, tea shops, and tea houses.
Tea sealing machines are used by tea manufacturers to package tea in bulk quantities. The machine seals the tea bags or pouches, which helps to maintain the quality of the tea. The tea bags or pouches are then packed in boxes and shipped to retailers. Tea manufacturers use tea sealing machines to ensure that the tea remains fresh and aromatic during transportation and storage.
Tea shops and tea houses use tea sealing machines to package tea for retail sale. The machine seals the tea bags or pouches, which helps to maintain the quality of the tea. Tea shops and tea houses use tea sealing machines to package different types of tea, such as loose-leaf tea, tea bags, and tea pouches. The tea sealing machine helps to maintain the freshness and aroma of the tea, which is essential for customer satisfaction.
Tea sealing machines are also used by online tea retailers. Online tea retailers use tea sealing machines to package tea for shipping. The machine seals the tea bags or pouches, which helps to maintain the quality of the tea during transportation. Online tea retailers use tea sealing machines to ensure that the tea remains fresh and aromatic during shipping.
In conclusion, tea sealing machines are widely used in the tea industry to package tea for retail sale. Tea manufacturers, tea shops, tea houses, and online tea retailers use tea sealing machines to maintain the freshness and aroma of the tea. Tea sealing machines are an essential tool for companies that want to provide high-quality tea to their customers.
Quality Testing Methods for tea sealing machine and Work Process Use tea sealing machine
There are several quality testing methods that can be used for tea sealing machines to ensure that they are functioning properly and producing high-quality seals. Some of these methods include:
1. Visual inspection: This involves examining the seals produced by the machine to ensure that they are uniform, consistent, and free from defects such as wrinkles, tears, or gaps.
2. Leak testing: This involves filling the sealed containers with water or air and checking for leaks. This can be done using a variety of methods, including submerging the containers in water or using a specialized leak testing machine.
3. Pressure testing: This involves subjecting the sealed containers to high pressure to ensure that they can withstand the pressure without breaking or leaking.
4. Temperature testing: This involves subjecting the sealed containers to extreme temperatures to ensure that the seals remain intact and do not break or melt.
5. Durability testing: This involves subjecting the sealed containers to various stresses and strains to ensure that the seals remain intact and do not break or fail over time.
The work process for using a tea sealing machine typically involves placing the tea bags or loose tea into the container, placing the lid on top, and then using the machine to seal the container. The machine may use heat, pressure, or a combination of both to create a tight seal that keeps the tea fresh and prevents it from spilling or leaking. Once the containers are sealed, they can be packaged and shipped to customers or stored for later use.
Comprehensive Analysis of tea sealing machine Costs: Including Visible and Hidden Costs
Tea sealing machines are essential equipment for tea packaging businesses. The cost of a tea sealing machine is not limited to the purchase price alone. There are visible and hidden costs that must be considered when analyzing the total cost of ownership of a tea sealing machine.
Visible costs include the purchase price, shipping costs, and taxes. The purchase price of a tea sealing machine varies depending on the brand, model, and features. Shipping costs also vary depending on the distance and mode of transportation. Taxes are also a visible cost that must be factored in when purchasing a tea sealing machine.
Hidden costs include maintenance, repair, and replacement costs. Tea sealing machines require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Maintenance costs include the cost of cleaning, lubrication, and replacement of worn-out parts. Repair costs may arise when the machine breaks down or malfunctions. Replacement costs may arise when the machine becomes obsolete or outdated.
Other hidden costs include energy consumption and labor costs. Tea sealing machines consume energy, and the cost of electricity must be factored in when analyzing the total cost of ownership. Labor costs may arise when operators are required to operate the machine or perform maintenance and repair tasks.
In conclusion, the cost of a tea sealing machine is not limited to the purchase price alone. Visible and hidden costs must be considered when analyzing the total cost of ownership. It is essential to factor in these costs when making purchasing decisions to ensure that the machine is cost-effective and profitable in the long run.
Payment Terms for tea sealing machine and Bulk Purchase Discounts and Price Variances Among Suppliers
Payment terms for tea sealing machines vary among suppliers. Some suppliers require full payment upfront, while others offer payment plans or financing options. It is important to carefully review the payment terms before making a purchase to ensure that they are feasible for your business.
Bulk purchase discounts are often available for tea sealing machines. These discounts typically apply to purchases of multiple machines or large orders. The amount of the discount varies among suppliers, so it is important to compare prices and discounts from multiple sources before making a purchase.
Price variances among suppliers are common for tea sealing machines. Factors that can affect the price include the brand, model, features, and quality of the machine. It is important to carefully evaluate the features and quality of each machine to determine if the price is reasonable.
When comparing prices, it is important to consider the total cost of ownership. This includes not only the purchase price of the machine, but also any additional costs such as shipping, installation, and maintenance. It may be worth paying a slightly higher price for a machine that is more reliable and requires less maintenance in the long run.
In summary, payment terms, bulk purchase discounts, and price variances are important factors to consider when purchasing a tea sealing machine. It is important to carefully evaluate each supplier and machine to ensure that you are getting the best value for your money.
Chinese Regulations and Industry Standards Certifications for tea sealing machine
In China, tea sealing machines are regulated by the National Food Safety Standard for Food Machinery and Equipment. This standard sets requirements for the design, manufacture, and use of food machinery and equipment, including tea sealing machines. The standard covers aspects such as safety, hygiene, and performance, and aims to ensure that food machinery and equipment are safe and reliable.
In addition to the national standard, there are also industry standards certifications that tea sealing machine manufacturers can obtain. One such certification is the China Compulsory Certification (CCC) mark, which is required for certain products sold in China, including tea sealing machines. The CCC mark indicates that the product meets certain safety and quality standards set by the Chinese government.
Another certification that tea sealing machine manufacturers can obtain is the ISO 9001 certification, which is an international standard for quality management systems. This certification indicates that the manufacturer has implemented a quality management system that meets certain requirements, and that they are committed to continuous improvement.
Overall, these regulations and certifications help to ensure that tea sealing machines in China are safe, reliable, and of high quality. Manufacturers who comply with these standards can provide customers with confidence in their products, and can help to promote the growth and development of the tea sealing machine industry in China.
Navigating Import Regulations and Customs for tea sealing machine from China
When importing a tea sealing machine from China, it is important to understand the import regulations and customs procedures to ensure a smooth and successful transaction. Here are some key points to keep in mind:
1. Research import regulations: Before importing a tea sealing machine from China, it is important to research the import regulations of your country. This includes understanding any restrictions or requirements for importing machinery, as well as any necessary permits or certifications.
2. Choose a reliable supplier: It is important to choose a reliable supplier in China who can provide the necessary documentation and support for the import process. This includes providing a commercial invoice, packing list, and bill of lading.
3. Arrange for shipping: Once you have chosen a supplier, you will need to arrange for shipping. This may involve working with a freight forwarder or shipping company to handle the logistics of transporting the tea sealing machine from China to your destination.
4. Prepare for customs clearance: When the tea sealing machine arrives at your destination, it will need to go through customs clearance. This involves providing the necessary documentation and paying any applicable duties or taxes.
5. Ensure compliance with safety standards: It is important to ensure that the tea sealing machine meets all necessary safety standards and regulations in your country. This may involve having the machine inspected or certified by a third-party organization.
By following these steps and working with a reliable supplier and shipping company, you can navigate the import regulations and customs procedures for importing a tea sealing machine from China.
Procurement and Considerations when Purchasing tea sealing machine
When purchasing a tea sealing machine, there are several procurement considerations that should be taken into account. These include the type of machine, the capacity, the cost, and the maintenance requirements.
Firstly, it is important to consider the type of machine that is required. There are several types of tea sealing machines available, including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic machines. Manual machines are the most basic and require the operator to manually seal each cup of tea. Semi-automatic machines are more advanced and can seal multiple cups at once, but still require some manual input. Fully automatic machines are the most advanced and can seal hundreds of cups per minute with minimal operator input.
Secondly, the capacity of the machine should be considered. The capacity of the machine will depend on the volume of tea that needs to be sealed. For small businesses or home use, a machine with a lower capacity may be sufficient. However, for larger businesses or commercial use, a machine with a higher capacity will be necessary.
Thirdly, the cost of the machine should be taken into account. The cost of the machine will depend on the type and capacity of the machine. It is important to consider the long-term cost of the machine, including maintenance and repair costs.
Lastly, the maintenance requirements of the machine should be considered. Regular maintenance is necessary to ensure the machine operates efficiently and effectively. It is important to choose a machine that is easy to maintain and has readily available spare parts.
In conclusion, when purchasing a tea sealing machine, it is important to consider the type of machine, the capacity, the cost, and the maintenance requirements. By taking these factors into account, businesses can choose a machine that meets their needs and budget, while ensuring efficient and effective operation.
Sourcing tea sealing machine from China: Opportunities, Risks, and Key Players
China is a leading manufacturer of tea sealing machines, offering a wide range of options for businesses looking to source this equipment. The opportunities for businesses looking to source tea sealing machines from China include cost savings, access to a wide range of suppliers, and the ability to customize machines to meet specific needs.
However, there are also risks associated with sourcing tea sealing machines from China. These include quality control issues, language barriers, and the potential for intellectual property theft. It is important for businesses to thoroughly research potential suppliers and work with trusted partners to mitigate these risks.
Key players in the tea sealing machine market in China include Guangzhou XTIME Packaging Equipment Co., Ltd., Wenzhou Chunlai Packing Machinery Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Joygoal Food Machinery Co., Ltd. These companies offer a range of machines, from manual to fully automated, and have experience working with international clients.
Overall, sourcing tea sealing machines from China can be a cost-effective option for businesses, but it is important to carefully consider the risks and work with trusted partners to ensure quality and protect intellectual property.
Cultivating Successful Business Relationships with Chinese tea sealing machine Suppliers
Cultivating successful business relationships with Chinese tea sealing machine suppliers requires a deep understanding of Chinese culture and business practices. The following tips can help:
1. Build trust: Chinese suppliers value trust and long-term relationships. Building trust takes time, but it is essential for successful business relationships. Be patient, communicate clearly, and follow through on commitments.
2. Respect hierarchy: Chinese business culture is hierarchical, and decision-making is often centralized. Show respect for the hierarchy and decision-makers, and avoid making demands or being confrontational.
3. Understand the importance of face: In Chinese culture, “face” refers to reputation, honor, and social standing. Avoid causing embarrassment or loss of face for your Chinese suppliers, as this can damage the relationship.
4. Be mindful of communication: Communication is critical in any business relationship, but it is especially important when dealing with Chinese suppliers. Be clear and concise in your communication, and avoid using slang or idioms that may not translate well.
5. Learn about Chinese business practices: Understanding Chinese business practices can help you navigate negotiations and build stronger relationships. For example, gift-giving is common in Chinese business culture, and it is considered a sign of respect and goodwill.
By following these tips, you can cultivate successful business relationships with Chinese tea sealing machine suppliers and build long-term partnerships that benefit both parties.
Sustainability and Environmental Considerations in tea sealing machine Manufacturing
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the environmental impact of manufacturing processes across various industries. The tea sealing machine manufacturing industry is no exception. As a result, manufacturers are increasingly adopting sustainable practices to minimize their environmental footprint.
One of the ways tea sealing machine manufacturers are reducing their environmental impact is by using eco-friendly materials in their production processes. For instance, some manufacturers are using biodegradable materials such as cornstarch and sugarcane to make their sealing machines. These materials are not only environmentally friendly but also cost-effective.
Another way tea sealing machine manufacturers are promoting sustainability is by adopting energy-efficient production processes. They are using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to run their factories. Additionally, they are using energy-efficient equipment and machinery to reduce their energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Moreover, tea sealing machine manufacturers are also implementing waste reduction strategies to minimize their environmental impact. They are recycling and reusing materials such as plastic and metal to reduce waste and conserve resources. They are also implementing waste management programs to ensure that their waste is disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner.
In conclusion, sustainability and environmental considerations are becoming increasingly important in the tea sealing machine manufacturing industry. Manufacturers are adopting eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient production processes, and waste reduction strategies to minimize their environmental impact. These efforts not only benefit the environment but also contribute to the long-term sustainability of the industry.
The Evolution and Market Trends in tea sealing machine Industry
The tea sealing machine industry has undergone significant evolution and market trends in recent years. With the increasing demand for tea products globally, manufacturers have been forced to adopt new technologies to meet the growing needs of consumers. The industry has seen a shift from manual sealing machines to automated machines that are more efficient and reliable.
One of the significant trends in the tea sealing machine industry is the adoption of eco-friendly materials. Consumers are becoming more environmentally conscious, and manufacturers are responding by using biodegradable and recyclable materials in their packaging. This trend has led to the development of new sealing machines that can handle these materials without compromising the quality of the tea.
Another trend in the industry is the integration of smart technology in sealing machines. Manufacturers are now incorporating sensors and other advanced features that allow for real-time monitoring of the sealing process. This technology helps to improve the quality of the seal and reduces the risk of contamination.
The tea sealing machine industry has also seen an increase in the demand for customized machines. Manufacturers are now offering machines that can be tailored to meet the specific needs of individual customers. This trend has been driven by the need for more efficient and cost-effective machines that can handle different types of tea products.
In conclusion, the tea sealing machine industry has undergone significant evolution and market trends in recent years. The adoption of eco-friendly materials, integration of smart technology, and customization of machines are some of the significant trends that are shaping the industry. As the demand for tea products continues to grow globally, manufacturers will need to continue innovating to meet the changing needs of consumers.
The Role of Agents and Sourcing Companies in Facilitating tea sealing machine Purchases from China
Agents and sourcing companies play a crucial role in facilitating tea sealing machine purchases from China. These entities act as intermediaries between buyers and manufacturers, helping to bridge the gap between language and cultural barriers, as well as logistical challenges.
Agents and sourcing companies have a deep understanding of the Chinese market and are well-versed in the local business practices, regulations, and customs. They can help buyers navigate the complex process of sourcing tea sealing machines from China, from identifying potential suppliers to negotiating prices and terms of sale.
Moreover, agents and sourcing companies can provide valuable insights into the quality and reliability of different manufacturers, as well as the latest trends and innovations in the tea sealing machine industry. They can also help buyers conduct factory inspections and quality control checks to ensure that the products meet their specifications and standards.
In addition, agents and sourcing companies can assist with logistics, including arranging for shipping, customs clearance, and delivery to the buyer’s location. This can be especially helpful for buyers who are not familiar with the Chinese market or who lack the resources to manage the logistics themselves.
Overall, agents and sourcing companies are essential partners for buyers looking to purchase tea sealing machines from China. They can help buyers save time, reduce risks, and ensure that they get the best possible products at the most competitive prices.
How to use import and export data website importyeti.com to search the company and tea sealing machine
ImportYeti.com is a website that provides import and export data for businesses. It is a useful tool for companies that are looking to expand their business by finding new suppliers or customers. In this article, we will discuss how to use ImportYeti.com to search for a company and tea sealing machine.
To begin with, go to ImportYeti.com and create an account. Once you have logged in, you will see a search bar on the homepage. Type in the name of the company you are looking for and click on the search button. The website will then show you a list of companies that match your search criteria.
Next, you can filter the search results by country, product, and other criteria. For example, if you are looking for a tea sealing machine, you can filter the results by product and select “tea sealing machine” from the dropdown menu. This will show you a list of companies that import or export tea sealing machines.
You can also view the details of each company, such as their contact information, the products they import or export, and the countries they do business with. This information can be useful in determining whether a company is a good fit for your business.
In conclusion, ImportYeti.com is a valuable tool for businesses that are looking to expand their operations by finding new suppliers or customers. By using the search function and filters, you can easily find companies that import or export the products you are interested in. With this information, you can make informed decisions about which companies to do business with.
How to use Chinese Business Search Platform: qcc.com to check tea sealing machine company credit
To check the credit of a tea sealing machine company on qcc.com, follow these steps:
1. Go to qcc.com and type the name of the tea sealing machine company in the search bar.
2. Click on the company name in the search results to view its profile.
3. On the company profile page, you can see the company’s basic information, such as its registered address, legal representative, and business scope.
4. Scroll down to the “Credit Report” section to view the company’s credit rating and credit history.
5. The credit report includes information on the company’s financial performance, legal disputes, and other relevant factors that may affect its creditworthiness.
6. You can also view the company’s business partners and related companies to get a better understanding of its industry connections and reputation.
7. If you need more detailed information, you can purchase a premium report or contact qcc.com’s customer service for assistance.
Overall, qcc.com is a useful tool for checking the credit of tea sealing machine companies and other businesses in China. By using this platform, you can make more informed decisions when choosing suppliers or partners for your business.
Overcoming Challenges and Facilitation of Sourcing tea sealing machine from China
Sourcing tea sealing machines from China can be a challenging task, especially for those who are new to the process. However, with the right approach and strategies, it is possible to overcome these challenges and facilitate the process.
One of the main challenges when sourcing tea sealing machines from China is the language barrier. Most Chinese manufacturers and suppliers may not be fluent in English, which can make communication difficult. To overcome this challenge, it is essential to work with a reliable sourcing agent who can act as a mediator between the buyer and the supplier. The sourcing agent can help with translation, negotiation, and quality control.
Another challenge is the risk of fraud and scams. There are many fraudulent suppliers in China who may offer low-quality products or even disappear after receiving payment. To avoid this, it is important to conduct thorough research on the supplier and check their credentials, such as their business license and certifications. It is also advisable to ask for samples and visit the supplier’s factory before making any payments.
Facilitating the process of sourcing tea sealing machines from China requires a well-planned approach. It is important to have a clear understanding of the product specifications and requirements, as well as the budget and timeline. This will help to narrow down the list of potential suppliers and ensure that the chosen supplier can meet the buyer’s needs.
In conclusion, sourcing tea sealing machines from China can be a challenging task, but with the right approach and strategies, it is possible to overcome these challenges and facilitate the process. Working with a reliable sourcing agent, conducting thorough research, and having a well-planned approach can help to ensure a successful outcome.
FAQs on Sourcing and Manufacturing tea sealing machine in China
1. What is a tea sealing machine?
A tea sealing machine is a device used to seal tea bags or pouches to preserve the freshness and aroma of tea leaves.
2. Why should I source tea sealing machines from China?
China is the world’s largest manufacturer of tea sealing machines, and the country has a vast network of suppliers and manufacturers that offer competitive prices and high-quality products.
3. How do I find a reliable tea sealing machine manufacturer in China?
You can search for tea sealing machine manufacturers on online marketplaces such as Alibaba or Made-in-China. It is important to verify the supplier’s credentials, such as their business license, certifications, and customer reviews.
4. What are the common types of tea sealing machines available in China?
The most common types of tea sealing machines in China are manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic machines. Manual machines are suitable for small-scale operations, while automatic machines are ideal for large-scale production.
5. Can I customize my tea sealing machine?
Yes, most tea sealing machine manufacturers in China offer customization services to meet the specific needs of their customers. You can customize the machine’s size, shape, and sealing capacity.
6. What is the lead time for manufacturing tea sealing machines in China?
The lead time for manufacturing tea sealing machines in China varies depending on the manufacturer and the complexity of the machine. It can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months.
7. How do I ensure the quality of tea sealing machines from China?
You can ensure the quality of tea sealing machines from China by working with a reputable manufacturer, conducting factory inspections, and requesting product samples before placing an order.
8. What are the payment terms for tea sealing machines in China?
The payment terms for tea sealing machines in China vary depending on the manufacturer. Most manufacturers require a deposit before production and the balance payment before shipment. It is important to negotiate payment terms that are favorable to both parties.
